In 1905, Albert Einstein left his mark in the world of quantum physics. He observed that light does not pass in a continuous stream, but rather in “packets” of energy. These packets or particles are forever changing the state in which they are in. Due to a less concrete idea of how light passes, Einstein felt frustrated that there was no real way to tell what the physical state the light or any other particles are in. In other words, it is constantly changing and cannot be determined until it has been observed.
Einstein’s colleagues were able to conduct a mathematical explanation, discussing that in quantum physics, things are probable and not certain. One of the physicists that created this explanation was Niels Bohr. Einstein needed certainty as a scientist and told Bohr, “God does not play dice” in which Bohr’s replied, “Einstein, stop telling God what to do.”
Einstein never came to terms with the fact that not everything in science has certain, concrete answers and refused to accept the quantum theory during the rest of his studies until his death in 1955.